Percepción de la calidad de vida profesional en docentes de la Universidad de Atacama en confinamiento / Perception of the quality of professional life in teachers of the University of Atacama in confinement / Percepção da qualidade de vida profissional em professores da Universidade de Atacama em confinamento

La crisis sanitaria trajo consigo modificaciones laborales de los docentes de todo el mundo, los cuales experimentan situaciones inéditas en su quehacer laboral. La calidad de vida laboral debe ser uno de los pilares de toda organización, ya que tiene relación con el rendimiento laboral y la calidad de servicio entregada a los estudiantes. La calidad de vida profesional (CVP) de un docente universitario se define como la agrupación de criterios que permiten desarrollarse en su entorno laboral y los recursos disponibles para enfrentarla, de forma que se obtenga un desarrollo óptimo en los ámbitos profesional, familiar y personal. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la percepción sobre la calidad de vida laboral de docentes universitarios antes y durante el periodo de pandemia, muestra de 57 docentes universitarios de la Universidad de Atacama Chile. La calidad de vida profesional se evaluó mediante el CVP-35. Los resultandos reportan una disminución en la percepción de los docentes respecto al apoyo directivo, indicando disminución en el periodo de pandemia, así como también ha disminuido la motivación intrínseca y existe una sensación de un aumento de la carga de laboral y no hubo cambios en la pregunta de percepción de orgullo con la Universidad.

The health crisis brought with it job changes for teachers around the world, who are experiencing unprecedented situations in their work. The quality of work life must be one of the pillars of any organization since it is related to work performance and the quality of service provided to students. The professional quality of life (QOL) of a university teacher is defined as the grouping of criteria that allow development in their work environment and the resources available to face it, in such a way that optimal development is obtained in the professional, family and personal spheres. The objective of the study was to compare the perception of the quality of work life of university teachers before and during the pandemic period, a sample of 57 university teachers from the University of Atacama, Chile. Professional quality of life was evaluated using the CVP-35. The results report a decrease in the perception of teachers regarding managerial support, indicating a decrease in the pandemic period, as well as a decrease in intrinsic motivation and there is a feeling of an increase in the workload and there were no changes in the question of perception of pride with the University.

A crise da saúde trouxe consigo mudanças trabalhistas para professores de todo o mundo, que vivenciam situações inéditas em seu trabalho. A qualidade de vida no trabalho deve ser um dos pilares de qualquer organização, pois está relacionada ao desempenho no trabalho e à qualidade do serviço prestado aos alunos. A qualidade de vida profissional (CVP) de um professor universitário é definida como o agrupamento de critérios que permitem o desenvolvimento em seu ambiente de trabalho e os recursos disponíveis para enfrentá-lo, de modo que se obtenha o desenvolvimento ideal nas esferas profissional, familiar e pessoal. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a percepção da qualidade de vida no trabalho de professores universitários antes e durante o período da pandemia, uma amostra de 57 professores universitários da Universidad de Atacama Chile. A qualidade de vida profissional foi avaliada por meio do CVP-35. Os resultados relatam uma diminuição na percepção dos professores em relação ao suporte gerencial, indicando uma diminuição no período da pandemia, assim como a motivação intrínseca diminuiu e há sensação de aumento na carga de trabalho e não houve mudanças na questão Percepção de orgulho com a Universidade.

O sexting no Brasil: a percepção sobre mensagens sexuais / Sexting en Brasil: la percepción sobre los mensajes sexuales / Sexting in Brazil: the perception about sexual messages

RESUMO. O sexting é uma prática cada vez mais frequente na sociedade atual, mas ainda há poucos estudos sobre como os brasileiros veem a troca de mensagens sexuais. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a percepção de brasileiros acerca do sexting e fornecer um panorama de como o fenômeno ocorre na realidade brasileira. Foi realizado um survey online com perguntas discursivas com 41 participantes sobre a dinâmica da prática e foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo para tratamento dos dados. Os resultados revelaram que algumas visões sociais são permeadas por estereótipos, como se observa em pesquisas de outros países. O sexting ainda é em muitos momentos confundido com diferentes formas de violência, apesar de estar sendo naturalizado no país e de já ser parte da experiência sexual cotidiana de muitas pessoas. Evidenciou-se que a educação sexual no contexto digital se faz necessária para que as pessoas compreendam seus direitos e reconheçam as diferenças entre sexting saudável e violências possivelmente atreladas à prática.

RESUMEN. El sexting es una práctica cada vez más frecuente en la sociedad actual, pero todavía hay pocos estudios sobre cómo algunos brasileños ven los mensajes sexuales. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la percepción de los brasileños sobre el sexting y proporcionar una visión general de cómo se produce el fenómeno en la realidad brasileña. Se realizó un survey online con preguntas discursivas con 41 participantes sobre la dinámica de la práctica y se utilizó el análisis de contenido para el tratamiento de datos. Los resultados revelaron que algunos puntos de vista sociales están impregnados de estereotipos, como se observó en investigaciones de otros países. El sexting aún se confunde con diferentes formas de violencia, a pesar de estar naturalizado en el país y ya es parte de la experiencia sexual diaria de muchas personas. Se hizo evidente que la educación sexual en el contexto digital es necesaria para que las personas entiendan sus derechos y reconozcan las diferencias entre el sexting saludable y la violencia posiblemente vinculada a la práctica.

ABSTRACT. Sexting is an increasingly frequent practice in today's society, but there are still few studies about the perceptions of Brazilians about sexual messages. The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of some Brazilians about sexting and provide an overview of the characteristics of the phenomenon in the Brazilian reality. An online survey was conducted with discursive questions with 41 participants about the dynamics of the practice and content analysis was used for data treatment. The results revealed that some social views are permeated by stereotypes, as observed in research from other countries. Sexting is still often confused with different forms of violence, despite being naturalized around the country and already being part of the daily sexual experience of many people. It became evident that sex education in the digital context is necessary for people to understand their rights and recognize the differences between healthy sexting practice and violence possibly linked to the messages.

Acciones psicoeducativas para aumentar la percepción de riesgo sobre abuso sexual, en los adolescentes / Psychological and educational actions to increase adolescents' sexual abuse risk perception

RESUMEN Introducción: La importancia de aumentar la percepción de riesgo de los adolescentes sobre los abusos sexuales en la infancia ha ascendido, debido al aumento de casos registrados de esta causa en los últimos tiempos. Objetivo: Diseñar acciones psicoeducativas dirigidas a aumentar la percepción del riesgo sobre abusos sexuales en adolescentes. Métodos: Se ejecutó un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo en adolescentes del área de salud del Consultorio No. 6 del Policlínico «Chiqui Gómez», del municipio de Santa Clara, durante el año 2019. De los 215 adolescentes, se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de 20 adolescentes, con sus padres. El estudio se realizó en tres etapas. Resultados: El 55,5 % de adolescentes varones y el 60,0 % con edades entre 15 y 18 años; 45,0 % cursaban el décimo grado; 50,0 % de las madres con nivel medio de escolaridad y 60,05 % de los padres con nivel superior; procedentes de familias nucleares incompletas en el 40,0 %; moderadamente funcionales con comunicación inadecuada 56,3 %; 35,0 % con solución de conflictos por confrontación y 20,0 % por evasión. Se identificó nivel de información no adecuado en el 85,0 %; prefirieron recibir información por charlas y trabajo en grupos. Conclusiones: Se diseñó un grupo de acciones psicoeducativas, evaluadas como actualizadas, pertinentes, trascendentes, contribuyentes y viables, para aplicar en sesiones de trabajo preventivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the importance of increasing adolescents' sexual abuse risk perception in childhood has risen due to the increase of cases registered in recent times. Objective: to design psychological and educational actions aimed at increasing adolescents' sexual abuse risk perception. Methods: a quantitative and qualitative study was carried out in adolescents from the health area of the doctor's office No. 6 belonged to "Chiqui Gómez" Polyclinic, in Santa Clara municipality, during 2019. A non-probabilistic sample of 20 adolescents and their parents was selected from a total of 215 adolescents. The study was carried out in three stages. Results: 55.5% of male adolescents and the 60.0% aged between 15 and 18 years predominated; 45.0% were in tenth grade; 50.0% of the mothers had an average level of schooling and 60.05% of the fathers a higher level; 40.0% from incomplete nuclear families; 56.3% moderately functional families with inadequate communication; 35.0% with conflict resolution by confrontation and 20.0% by evasion. Inadequate level of information was identified in 85.0%; they preferred to receive information through talks and group work. Conclusions: we designed a group of psychological and educational actions which were evaluated as up-to-date, pertinent, transcendent, contributing and viable, to be applied in preventive work sessions.

Experiência de estudantes na divulgação da imagem de pacientes odontológicos / Student experience in the images' dissemination of dental patients

As implicações éticas do uso de redes sociais por profissionais da saúde têm ocupado espaço na agenda da Bioética quando se considera os direitos do paciente e o risco de exposição de sua imagem. Este estudo buscou conhecer a percepção de estudantesde Odontologia sobre a exposição da imagem de pacientes em redes sociais. Trata-se de estudo observacional transversal, quantitativo, com aplicação de questionário a estudantes de um curso de Odontologia. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas. A taxa de resposta foi de 73,5% (n=247), todos utilizando redes sociais e 33,1% (n=82) declararam já ter realizado fotografia de paciente na clínica de ensino. Muitos estudantes ainda não têm clareza sobre as questões éticas que envolvem a divulgação de imagem de pacientes em rede social. Isso revela a importância de se ater a esse tópico nos cursos brasileiros de graduação em Odontologia (AU).

The ethical implications of social networks use by health professionals have occupied space on the Bioethics' agenda, when considering the rights of patients and the risk of exposing their image. This study aimed to understand the perception of dentistry students about the exposure of patients image in social networks. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, observational study, with the application of a questionnaire to students of a Dentistry course. It was used the descriptive statistics for tabulating and analyzing the data. The response rate was 73.5% (n=247), all using social networks, and 33.1% (n=82) reported having already taken a patient photograph at the training clinic. Many students are still unclear about the ethical issues surrounding the dissemination of patient images on social media. The ethical implications of social networks use by health professionals haveoccupied space on the Bioethics' agenda, when considering the rights of patients and the risk of exposing their image (AU).

Perceptions of Pharmacy students about their competences for professional practice in community pharmacy

Abstract Pharmaceutical education should enable the development of competences for community pharmacy practice, which is an important field for the pharmacist workforce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the competences perceived by pharmacy interns from a Brazilian pharmacy school for community pharmacy practice. This study adopted a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. The study cohort included undergraduate students who undertook internships in community pharmacy in the final year of the pharmacy course. Students responded to an 11-item structured questionnaire according to a five-point Likert scale that included perceptions of their competences for community pharmacy practice. Among the 693 possible answers, 605 (87.3%) agreed that the course promoted the development of competences for professional practice in community pharmacy. Less than 70% of students perceived themselves as prepared to respond to symptoms and provide non-prescription medicines. Qualitative analysis of the comments revealed three themes: the need to improve patient information skills, improve practice as a member of a health care team, and improve dispensing according to legal requirements. These findings may support improvements in undergraduate pharmacy programs, such as the inclusion of experiential learning, active learning methods, interprofessional education, and development of clinical skills.

The effects of sex and outcome expectancies on perceptions of sexual harassment.

Using an outcome expectancy framework, this research sought to understand sex differences in the underlying beliefs that influence harassment perception. One hundred and ninety-six participants (52% women) read a series of vignettes depicting common examples of digital male-on-female sexual harassment. They were asked to what extent they thought each scenario constituted sexual harassment, and how likely the perpetrator would experience positive and negative outcomes. Consistent with predictions, women were more likely to consider the behaviours as harassment than men were. Both sexes harassment perceptions had significant relationships with their outcome expectancies, but we also found evidence of a sex specific moderation; the link between men's negative outcome expectancies was moderated by their positive ones. The results suggest that perceptions of harassment may have sexually asymmetrical underpinnings. Measuring the interplay between positive and negative outcome expectancies in relation to sexual harassment perception is a novel approach, that may have implications for the development of anti-sexual harassment interventions. Implications for theory and future research directions are discussed.

Impact of donors' financial fairness perception on donation intention in nonprofit organizations after COVID-19 outbreak.

Based on the investigation of financial fairness perception and donation intention of individual donors in non-profit organizations (NPOs), this paper uses structural equation model to analyze the impact of individual donors' financial fairness perception on donation intention. The results show that individual donors' perceptions on financial result fairness, financial procedure fairness and financial information fairness all have positive impact on donation intention; among which the perception on financial result fairness only has direct impact on individual donation intention, while the perceptions on financial procedure fairness and financial information fairness have direct and indirect impact on individual donation intention.

'If relevant, yes; if not, no': General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory.

CONTEXT: The use of ethnic identifiers in health systems is recommended in several European countries as a means to identify and address heath inequities. There are barriers to implementation that have not been researched. OBJECTIVE: This study examines whether and how ethnicity data can be collected in Irish general practices in a meaningful and acceptable way. METHODS: Qualitative case study data generation was informed by Normalization Process Theory (NPT) constructs about 'sense' making and 'engagement'. It consisted of individual interviews and focus group discussions based on visual participatory techniques. There were 70 informants, including 62 general practitioner (GP) users of diverse ethnic backgrounds recruited through community organisations and eight GPs identified through an inter-agency steering group. Data were analysed according to principles of thematic analysis using NPT. RESULTS: The link between ethnicity and health was often considered relevant because GP users grasped connections with genetic (skin colour, lactose intolerance), geographic (prevalence of disease, early years exposure), behavioural (culture/food) and social determinant (housing) factors. The link was less clear with religion. There was some scepticism and questions about how the collection of data would benefit GP consultations and concerns regarding confidentiality and the actual uses of these data (e.g. risk of discrimination, social control). For GPs, the main theme discussed was relevance: what added value would it bring to their consultations and was it was their role to collect these data? Their biggest concern was about data protection issues in light of the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The difficulty in explaining a complex concept such as 'ethnicity' in the limited time available in consultations was also worrying. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of an ethnicity identifier in Irish general practices will require a strong rationale that makes sense to GP users, and specific measures to ensure that its benefits outweigh any potential harm. This is in line with both our participants' views and the EU GDPR.

Strategies to reduce risk perception among grocery shoppers in the US: A survey study.

During the COVID-19 lockdown in the US, many businesses were shut down temporarily. Essential businesses, most prominently grocery stores, remained open to ensure access to food and household essentials. Grocery shopping presents increased potential for COVID-19 infection because customers and store employees are in proximity to each other. This study investigated shoppers' perceptions of COVID-19 infection risks and put them in context by comparing grocery shopping to other activities outside home, and examined whether a proactive preventive action by grocery stores influence shoppers' perceived risk of COVID-19 infection. Our data were obtained via an anonymous online survey distributed between April 2 and 10, 2020 to grocery shoppers in New York State (the most affected by the pandemic at the time of the study) and Washington State (the first affected by the pandemic). We found significant factors associated with high levels of risk perception on grocery shoppers. We identified some effective preventive actions that grocery stores implement to alleviate anxiety and risk perception. We found that people are generally more concerned about in-store grocery shopping relative to other out-of-home activities. Findings suggest that a strict policy requiring grocery store employees to use facemasks and gloves greatly reduced shoppers' perceived risk rating of infection of themselves by 37.5% and store employees by 51.2%. Preventive actions by customers and businesses are critical to reducing the unwitting transmission of COVID-19 as state governments prepare to reopen the economy and relax restrictions on activities outside home.

ética e promoção da saúde sob a ótica de enfermeiros da atenção básica / ética y promoción de la salud desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros de atención primaria / Ethics and health promotion from the perspective of primary care nurses

Objetivo: identificar a percepção de enfermeiros da Atenção Básica sobre a ética na realização de ações de promoção da saúde. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório de natureza qualitativa, realizado com 14 enfermeiros atuantes em unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os dados obtidos por entrevista semiestruturada foram analisados mediante a análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: evidenciaram-se conflitos de ética profissional entre enfermeiros e médicos; relação de vínculo entre usuários e enfermeiros; condutas de promoção da saúde pelo enfermeiro com enfoque biologicista; justificativa de assistência inadequada aos usuários, por motivo de sobrecarga de trabalho e equipe de enfermagem incompleta; sofrimento moral pelo enfermeiro durante a experiência profissional. Considerações finais: na perspectiva de enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Básica, a ética na realização de ações de promoção da saúde está relacionada à diversidade de trabalho cotidiano decorrente da experiência profissional.

Objetivo: identificar la percepción de los enfermeros de atención primaria sobre la ética en las acciones de promoción de la salud. Método: estudio descriptivo exploratorio de carácter cualitativo, realizado con 14 enfermeros que trabajan en unidades de Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Los datos obtenidos por entrevista semiestructurada fueron analizados a través del análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática. Resultados: se evidenciaron conflictos de ética profesional entre enfermeros y médicos; relación entre usuarios y enfermeros; la promoción de la salud realizada por enfermeros con enfoque biológico; justificación de la atención inadecuada a los usuarios, debido a la sobrecarga de trabajo y al personal de enfermería incompleto; sufrimiento de los enfermeros durante la experiencia profesional. Consideraciones finales: desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros que trabajan en Atención Primaria, la ética en las acciones de promoción de la salud está relacionada con la diversidad del trabajo diario resultante de la experiencia profesional.

Objective: to identify the perception of primary care nurses about ethics in health promotion actions. Method: exploratory descriptive study of qualitative nature, carried out with 14 nurses working in Family Health Strategy units. The data obtained from semi-structured interview were analyzed through content analysis in the thematic modality. Results: conflicts of professional ethics between nurses and physicians were evidenced, in addition to the relationship between users and nurses; health promotion behaviors by nurses with a biologicist approach; justification of inadequate care to users, due to work overload and incomplete nursing staff; nurses' distress during professional experience. Final considerations: according to the nurses working in Primary Care, ethics in health promotion actions is related to the diversity of daily work resulting from professional experience.

Eixo ético-humanístico da Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia: percepção dos estudantes / Ethical-humanistic axis of a medical school in Bahia: students perception / Eje ético-humanístico de la Facultad de Medicina de Bahía: percepción de los estudiantes

Resumo Impulsionadas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de graduação em medicina, publicadas em 2001, as universidades reestruturaram seus currículos a fim de articular a prática médica ao Sistema Único de Saúde, dando maior atenção às humanidades. A Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia reformulou seu currículo em 2007, implantando o eixo ético-humanístico, ofertado do primeiro ao oitavo semestre. Este estudo analisa a percepção acerca desse eixo com base em questionário respondido por 418 estudantes. A maioria dos participantes afirmou conhecer os objetivos do eixo ético-humanístico, mas acredita que seus colegas de curso não o consideram importante para a formação. A maior parte diz privilegiar disciplinas dos módulos biológico e clínico, mas considera necessário que disciplinas do eixo ético-humanístico estejam presentes em todos os semestres.

Abstract Universities have been restructuring their curricula to direct medical practice onto the Brazilian Unified Health System, driven by the publication of the National Curricular Guidelines for the Undergraduate Medical Course in 2001, by introducing humanities as an important instrument to the students' education. The Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Brazil, reformulated its curriculum in 2007 and implemented the ethical-humanistic axis, provided from the first to the eighth semester of the course, aiming at adapting the education of physicians to the profile proposed by the guidelines. Our study analyzes the students' perception of this axis in the curriculum. Questionnaires were applied to obtain 418 respondents. The students know the objectives of the ethical-humanistic axis; however, they think their colleagues do not consider the axis important for their education. Although most of students favor subjects from the biological and clinical modules, they also consider the disciplines of the ethical-humanistic axis should be present in all semesters.

Resumen Impulsadas por la publicación de las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para el Curso de Grado en Medicina, publicadas en 2001, las universidades reestructuraron sus planes de estudio para articular la práctica médica al Sistema Único de Salud, para lo que concedieron mayor atención a las humanidades. La Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Federal de Bahía reformuló su plan de estudios en 2007 e implementó el eje ético-humanístico, ofrecido desde el primero hasta el octavo semestre. Este estudio analiza la percepción de este eje, sobre la base de un cuestionario al que respondieron 418 estudiantes. La mayoría de los participantes afirmó que conocía los objetivos del eje ético-humanista, aunque piensan que sus compañeros de curso no lo consideran importante para su formación. La mayor parte afirma que prioriza las disciplinas de los módulos biológico y clínico, aunque considera necesario que las disciplinas del eje ético-humanista estén presentes en todos los semestres.

Teaching Systems Improvement to Early Medical Students: Strategies and Lessons Learned.

PURPOSE: Despite increasing emphasis in medical school education on quality and systems improvement, many medical schools lack sufficient faculty with expertise to teach systems improvement. Using the pedagogical content knowledge framework, this study explores how faculty engage students in systems improvement work and faculty perceptions of the outcomes for the health system and students. METHOD: In May-June 2017, the authors interviewed 12 of 13 invited faculty with experience in teaching and engaging first-year medical students in systems improvement work, the course of students' systems improvement work over time, the impact of students' projects on health systems, and students' learning and attitudes about systems improvement. The authors conducted qualitative analysis iteratively with data collection to sufficiency. RESULTS: Six emergent themes characterized faculty's approach to guiding students in systems improvement work: faculty-student relationship, faculty role, student role, faculty-student shared responsibility for projects, faculty and student content knowledge, and project outcomes. The faculty-student relationship was foundational for successful systems improvement work. Faculty roles included project selection, project management, and health systems interactions. Students engaged in systems improvement as their faculty leveraged their knowledge and skills and created meaningful student roles. Faculty and students shared responsibility and colearned systems improvement content knowledge. Faculty defined successful outcomes as students' learning about the systems improvement process and interprofessional collaboration. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the critical importance of pedagogical content knowledge to engage early learners in systems improvement work, understand their learning interests and needs, and manage their projects longitudinally.

What Do Unusual Faces Teach Us About the Ethics of Recognition?

With close attention to the film Wonder, this article examines how a narrative of community acceptance offers sustaining relationships for people with unusual facial appearance. This article argues that premodern responses of wonder can help reframe modern understandings of looking different.

Percepção da equipe de enfermagem acerca da assistência à saúde no sistema prisional / Perception of Tthe nursing team about health care in the prison system / Percepción del equipo de enfermería acerca de la asistencia a la salud en el sistema prisional

Objetivo: Compreender como a equipe de enfermagem percebe a assistência da saúde no Sistema Prisional. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, referenciada pela análise de conteúdo proposto por Laurence Bardin e foram entrevistados 03 enfermeiras e 08 técnicos de enfermagem, sendo 03 do sexo masculino, atuantes no Sistema Prisional da região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte/MG. Resultados: Demonstrou-se pela fala da equipe de enfermagem que o pensamento centrado no modelo médico-curativista ainda é presente, e que, existem fragilidades nos processos de organização administrativa. Conclusão: O estudo esclareceu que é importante que haja um processo de organização administrativa básica, para melhorar os recursos organizacionais, capacitar os profissionais, logo trazer condições de saúde dignas ao indivíduo privado de liberdade

Objective: The research's purpose has been to understand how the nursing team perceives health care in the Prison System. Methods: This is a qualitative study, referenced by the content analysis proposed by Laurence Bardin. The investigation includes 03 nurses and 08 nursing technicians, being 03 male, working in the Prison System of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte city, Minas Gerais State. Results: It was demonstrated by the speech of the nursing team that the thought centered on the medico-curativist model is still present and that there are weaknesses in the processes of administrative organization. Conclusions: The study clarified that it is important to exist a basic administrative organization process, to improve organizational resources, to empower professionals, and thus to bring dignified health conditions to the individual deprived of liberty

Objetivo: Comprender cómo el equipo de enfermería percibe la asistencia de la salud en el Sistema Penitenciario. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, referenciada por el análisis de contenido propuesto por Laurence Bardin y fueron entrevistados a tres enfermeras y 08 técnicos de enfermería, siendo 03 del sexo masculino, actuantes en el Sistema Prisional de la región Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte / MG. Resultados: Se demostró por el habla del equipo de enfermería que el pensamiento centrado en el modelo medico-curativista todavía está presente, y que, existen fragilidades en los procesos de organización administrativa. Conclusión: El estudio aclaró que es importante que haya un proceso de organización administrativa básica, para mejorar los recursos organizacionales, capacitar a los profesionales, luego traer condiciones de salud dignas al individuo privado de libertad

Estimating everyday risk: Subjective judgments are related to objective risk, mapping of numerical magnitudes and previous experience.

We aimed to investigate individual differences that associate with peoples' acute risk perception for activities such as walking and giving birth, including objective risk and the mapping of numerical magnitudes. The Amazon Mechanical Turk platform was used, with 284 participants recruited (40% female) ranging between 19 and 68 years. Participants had to indicate the positions of (1) the relative death risk of activities on a horizontal-line with 'very low risk of death' and 'very high risk of death' as left and right anchors respectively and (2), numerical magnitudes on a horizontal-line ranging 0-1000. The MicroMort framework was used to index acute risk of death (one/million chance of dying from an accident). Previous experience with the activities, handedness, along with risk propensity and unrealistic optimism were also measured. Linear mixed-effects modelling was used to investigate predictors of subjective MicroMort judgments. Individuals subjectively judged activities to be riskier if the activity was objectively riskier, if they over-estimated on the numerical task (more so for low-risk activities as compared to high-risk), or if they had not experienced the activity previously. The observed relationship between the number line task and everyday risk judgments is in keeping with the idea of a common magnitude representation system. In conclusion, individuals are able to discriminate between activities varying in risk in an absolute sense, however intuition for judging the relative differences in risk is poor. The relationship between the misjudging of both risks and numerical magnitudes warrants further investigation, as may inform the development of risk communication strategies.

Informed consent learning: Needs and preferences in medical clerkship environments.

PURPOSE: Limited information exists regarding students' routine educational needs in support of ethics and professionalism practices faced in real clinical practice. As such the authors aimed to explore medical students learning needs and preferences for informed consent and relevant ethical issues in the clerkship environments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered, printed survey distributed to final year clinical clerks. RESULTS: 84% completed the survey. Students indicated the need for more attention to all topics related to informed consent (mean = 7.1 on a scale of 0 to 9; ±1.2). Most additional instructional attention was requested for topics raised in discussions with patients concerning the risks, benefits and alternatives to recommended treatments (7.3 ±1.4). The cohort expressed the need for education in the care of vulnerable patients (7.2 ±1.2) with a maximum score for the care of abused children. Women perceived greater need for education concerning informed consent than male respondents (p>0.05). There were significant differences between students who scored high or low on the item "being treated in professional manner" and "endorsement of educational needs for care of adolescents" (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was heightened perception among final year medical students of the need for greater attention to be paid to informed consent education.

A comparison of Australian and French families affected by sarcoma: perceptions of genetics and incidental findings.

AIM: To compare Australian and French perceptions of genetics and preferences regarding the return of incidental findings. METHODS: Participants from the International Sarcoma Kindred Study received a survey at intake to cancer referral units. A total of 1442 Australian and 479 French individuals affected by sarcoma and their unaffected family members responded to four hypothetical scenarios depicting hereditary conditions of varying treatability and severity. RESULTS: Australians' preference for the return of incidental findings was consistently higher than French for all scenarios. Country group differences were significant for two scenarios when individual characteristics were controlled through multivariable analyses. CONCLUSION: Findings support the need for guidelines that are sensitive to sociocultural context and promote autonomous decision-making.

Not explicit but implicit memory is influenced by individual perception style.

Not only explicit but also implicit memory has considerable influence on our daily life. However, it is still unclear whether explicit and implicit memories are sensitive to individual differences. Here, we investigated how individual perception style (global or local) correlates with implicit and explicit memory. As a result, we found that not explicit but implicit memory was affected by the perception style: local perception style people more greatly used implicit memory than global perception style people. These results help us to make the new effective application adapting to individual perception style and understand some clinical symptoms such as autistic spectrum disorder. Furthermore, this finding might give us new insight of memory involving consciousness and unconsciousness as well as relationship between implicit/explicit memory and individual perception style.

Perception of mind and dehumanization: Human, animal, or machine?

Dehumanization is reached through several approaches, including the attribute-based model of mind perception and the metaphor-based model of dehumanization. We performed two studies to find different (de)humanized images for three targets: Professional people, Evil people, and Lowest of the low. In Study 1, we examined dimensions of mind, expecting the last two categories to be dehumanized through denial of agency (Lowest of the low) or experience (Evil people), compared with humanized targets (Professional people). Study 2 aimed to distinguish these targets using metaphors. We predicted that Evil and Lowest of the low targets would suffer mechanistic and animalistic dehumanization, respectively; our predictions were confirmed, but the metaphor-based model nuanced these results: animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization were shown as overlapping rather than independent. Evil persons were perceived as "killing machines" and "predators." Finally, Lowest of the low were not animalized but considered human beings. We discuss possible interpretations.